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2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 42(2): 201-210, Apr.-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134814

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Renal fibrosis is the end point of a process that begins at transplant, with ischemia reperfusion and early inflammation, and progresses over time with immunological and non-immunological phenomena. Early identification of morphological markers and intervention could improve graft function and survival. Objective: to evaluate the correlation between intensity and specificity of pre-transplant anti-HLA antibodies and kidney allograft pathology in order to identify early risk factors or markers of allograft dysfunction. Methods: A retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with pre-transplant anti-HLA antibodies who underwent graft biopsy within the first two years post-transplant was divided into two groups according to the specificity of anti-HLA antibodies: nonspecific (non-DSA, n = 29) and specific (DSA+, n = 16). Kidney graft pathology, renal function, and proteinuria were analyzed. Results: general characteristics were similar in both groups, except for the higher dose of thymoglobulin in DSA+ group (p < 0.05). The non-DSA group had higher scores for glomerulosclerosis, interstitial inflammation (i) and interstitial fibrosis (ci) (p < 0.05) and higher incidence of cell-mediated acute rejection. No statistical difference in incidence of antibody-mediated rejection, renal function, and proteinuria was observed during follow up. Discussion and conclusions: the difference in inflammation scores and interstitial fibrosis may be associated to the higher incidence of acute cell-mediated rejection and polyomavirus nephropathy in the Non-DSA group. We also should take into account the protective effect of higher doses of thymoglobulin, reducing ischemia reperfusion injury in the DSA+ group. The short follow-up might have been insufficient to detect long-term changes in allograft tissue, renal function, and proteinuria.


Resumo Introdução: A fibrose renal é o desfecho de um processo iniciado no transplante, com reperfusão, isquemia e inflamação precoce, que progride ao longo do tempo com fenômenos imunológicos e não imunológicos. A identificação de marcadores morfológicos e a intervenção precoce poderiam melhorar a função e a sobrevida do enxerto. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre intensidade e especificidade de anticorpos anti-HLA pré-transplante alterações histológicas do enxerto renal, de forma a identificar fatores de risco ou marcadores de disfunção precoces do aloenxerto. Métodos: O presente estudo incluiu uma coorte retrospectiva de receptores de transplante renal sensibilizados com anticorpos anti-HLA no pré-transplante submetidos a biópsia de enxerto nos primeiros dois anos após o transplante. Os grupos foram divididos em função da especificidade dos anticorpos anti-HLA: sem anticorpos doador-específicos (não-DSA, n = 29) e com anticorpos doador-específicos (DSA+, n = 16). Alterações histológicas do enxerto renal, função renal e proteinúria foram analisados. Resultados: Os dois grupos tinham características gerais semelhantes, exceto pela dose mais elevada de timoglobulina administrada nos indivíduos do grupo DSA+ (p < 0,05). O grupo não-DSA teve escores mais elevados de glomeruloesclerose, inflamação intersticial (i) e fibrose intersticial (ci) (p < 0,05), além de maior incidência de rejeição celular aguda (RCA). Não foi observada diferença estatística na incidência de rejeição mediada por anticorpos, função renal ou proteinúria durante o seguimento. Discussão e Conclusões: A diferença nos escores de inflamação e fibrose intersticial pode estar associada à maior incidência de RCA e nefropatia por poliomavírus no grupo não-DSA. Devemos considerar ainda o efeito protetor das doses mais elevadas de timoglobulina na redução da lesão por isquemia-reperfusão no grupo DSA+. O curto período de seguimento pode ter sido insuficiente para detectar alterações de longo prazo no tecido do aloenxerto, função renal e proteinúria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Transplant Recipients , Graft Rejection/immunology , HLA Antigens/immunology , Kidney/immunology , Antibodies/blood , Proteinuria/diagnosis , Time Factors , Biopsy , Fibrosis/etiology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Treatment Outcome , Disease Progression , Preoperative Period , Graft Rejection/pathology , Kidney/blood supply , Antibody Specificity
3.
Prensa méd. argent ; 104(5): 261-264, jul2018.
Article in English | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1049760

ABSTRACT

Relación entre osteoartritis y HLA - A en pacientes iraquíes. (HLA: acrónimo inglés de antcígenos leucocitarios humanos - Human Leucocyte Antigens). La osteoartritis e la afección más común que involucra el aparato osteo-articular. Representa a un grupo heterogéneo de condiciones resultante de cambios comunes histopatológicos y radiológicos. Existen múltiples factores de riesgo para la osteoartritis: edad, obesidad, y el antígeno genético. El leococitario humano (HLA) como parte del sistema inmune, teniendo un rol en el proceso nosológico. Diversos estudios han determinado la diferente asociación entre la clase HLA - I y la II. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de determinar la eventualidad de una relación entre el HLA-I y el II en la osteocondritis. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten en el artículo.


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of joint disease. It represents a heterogeneous group of conditions resulting in common histopathologic and radiologic changes. There are multiples risk factors for osteoarthritis includes the following: Age, Obesity and Genetics. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as part of immune system has a role in the disease process. Many reported studies have pointted to different HLA classs I and II association. Aim: To investigate whether there is an association between HLA class II and OA. Patients and methods: A cross sectional comparatives study including patient with primary osteoarthritis attending the department of orthopedic in Al-Kindy teaching hospital Baghdad, Iraq between September 2016-September 2017. Patient's selection was done by the orthopaedics. The HLA-A tuping was performed in HLA research unit at Al-Kindy College of Medicine using PCR-SSO according to the manufacturer instruction using both Amplification and Hybridization kit by Automated method using Autolipa - 48Innogenities-Belgium. The results ewre interepted using LIRAS version 5.0 software innogenetics - Belgium, odds ratio were used to test signifcant differences. Results: Thirty five Iraqi Arab Muslims patients with primary osteoarthritis. The control group was comprised from 75 healtht unrelated sex and age matched volunteers among the staff of Al-Kindey college of medicine that didn't have a history of osteoarthritis. There was an increased frequencies of HLA-A*0101,0202,6802 in patients with osteoarthritis compared with healthy controls (P value=0.001,<0.001,<0.001 respectively)


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteoarthritis/diagnosis , Osteochondritis/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Alleles , HLA Antigens/immunology
4.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 23(4): 620-627, July-Aug. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-761695

ABSTRACT

AbstractObjective: to analyze the meanings of leprosy for people treated during the sulfonic and multidrug therapy periods.Method: qualitative nature study based on the Vigotski's historical-cultural approach, which guided the production and analysis of data. It included eight respondents who have had leprosy and were submitted to sulfonic and multidrug therapy treatments. The participants are also members of the Movement for Reintegration of People Affected by Leprosy.Results: the meanings were organized into three meaning cores: spots on the body: something is out of order; leprosy or hanseniasis? and leprosy from the inclusion in the Movement for Reintegration of People Affected by Leprosy.Conclusion: the meanings of leprosy for people submitted to both regimens point to a complex construction thereof, indicating differences and similarities in both treatments. Health professionals may contribute to the change of the meanings, since these are socially constructed and the changes are continuous.


ResumoObjetivo:analisar significados da hanseníase para as pessoas que foram tratadas no período sulfônico e no período da poliquimioterapia.Método:estudo de natureza qualitativa fundamentado na abordagem histórico-cultural de Vigotski, a qual orientou a construção e análise dos dados. Foram incluídos oito entrevistados que já tiveram hanseníase e que realizaram tratamento no período sulfônico e da poliquimioterapia, sendo participantes do Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas Atingidas pela Hanseníase.Resultados:os significados foram organizados em três núcleos de significação: manchas no corpo: alguma coisa está fora de ordem; lepra ou hanseníase? e hanseníase a partir da inserção no Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas Atingidas pela Hanseníase.Conclusão:os significados de hanseníase para pessoas tratadas nos dois períodos apontam para a construção complexa dos mesmos, indicando diferenças e semelhanças nos dois períodos. Os profissionais de saúde podem contribuir para a mudança de significados, pois esses são socialmente construídos e as transformações são contínuas.


ResumenObjetivo:analizar los significados de la lepra para las personas que fueron tratadas en el período sulfónico y en el período de poliquimioterapia.Método:estudio de naturaleza cualitativa fundamentado en el abordaje histórico cultural de Vygotsky, el cual orientó la construcción y análisis de los datos. Fueron incluidos ocho entrevistados que ya tuvieron lepra y que realizaron tratamiento en el período sulfónico y de poliquimioterapia, siendo participantes del Movimiento de Reintegración de Personas Afectadas por la Lepra.Resultados:los significados fueron organizados en tres núcleos de significación: manchas en el cuerpo: alguna cosa está fuera de orden; ¿Lepra o enfermedad de Hansen?; y lepra a partir de la inserción en el Movimiento de Reintegración de Personas Afectadas por la Lepra. Conclusión: los significados de la lepra para las personas tratadas en los dos períodos apuntan para la construcción compleja de los mismos, indicando diferencias y semejanzas en los dos períodos. Los profesionales de la salud pueden contribuir para el cambio de significados, ya que estos son socialmente construidos y las transformaciones son continuas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Graft Rejection/immunology , Graft Rejection/mortality , HLA Antigens/immunology , Isoantibodies/immunology , Kidney Transplantation , Disease-Free Survival , Graft Rejection/blood , HLA Antigens/blood , Isoantibodies/blood , Survival Rate
5.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 31(1): 32-40, ene.-mar. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-743984

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el trasplante es la terapia que permite la mayor sobrevida a los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Para prevenir el rechazo del órgano, en primer lugar es necesario un estudio de la compatibilidad de los antígenos leucocitarios humanos (HLA) del paciente y de los posibles donantes. En Cuba solo se había realizado la tipificación HLA por métodos serológicos, pero en la actualidad se emplean técnicas moleculares. Objetivo: caracterizar el polimorfismo de los alelos HLA A, B, DR y DQ por métodos moleculares en pacientes cubanos en espera de trasplante renal. Métodos: se estudiaron 410 pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica de las regiones occidental y central del país a los que se les realizó tipificación molecular de los loci mencionados. Los resultados se expresaron según la nueva nomenclatura y fueron registrados en una base de datos confeccionada al efecto. Se compararon las frecuencias alélicas de la población blanca y no blanca y se determinó el porcentaje de frecuencia de los haplotipos para los alelos clase I y II. Resultados: los alelos A*11, A*30, A*74, B*42, B*51 y B*53 fueron más frecuentes en la población blanca mientras que los alelos B*58 y DRB1* 15 predominaron en los no blancos. Las frecuencias haplotípicas más encontradas en la clase I en la población blanca fueron A*02 B*51, A*02 B*44, A*02 B*35; y en la no blanca, A*01B*08, A*02B*51, A*02B*44. Para los alelos de la clase II, en la población blanca fueron DQB1*03, DRB1*04, DQB1*06, DRB1*13, DRB1*05, DRB1*01; y en los no blancos, DQB1*03, DRB1*04, DQB1*06, DRB1*13, DQB1*05, DRB1*01. Conclusiones: la caracterización de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica con respecto a su tipificación HLA permitirá trazar estrategias futuras relacionadas con la donación y el trasplante en todo el país(AU)


Introduction: transplantation is the therapy allowing the highest possible survival in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. To prevent rejection of the organ, first of all it is necessary to make a compatibility test of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) from the patient and the possible donors. In Cuba, only serological HLA typing had been made but at present, molecular techniques are being applied. Aim: characterization of polimorfirsm of alleles HLA A, B, DR y DQ by molecular techniques in Cuban patients awaiting renal transplantation. Methods: four hundred and ten patients with chronic kidney insufficiency from Western and Central Cuba were studied by molecular typing of the above mentioned loci. Results were expressed by the new nomenclature and were registered In a data base prepared for that purpose. Allele frequencies of white and no white population were compared and percentage of haplotype frequencies for alleles class I and II were determined. Results: alleles A*11, A*30, A*74, B*42, B*51and B*53 were more frequent in white population while B*58 y DRB1*, 15 were mostly found in no whites. Haplotypic frequencies most found in class I in white population were A*02 B*51, A*02 B*44, A*02 B*35; and in no whites, A*01B*08, A*02B*51, A*02B*44. For class II alleles, DQB1*03, DRB1*04, DQB1*06, DRB1*13, DRB1*05, DRB1*01 were the most found in white population; and in no whites, DQB1*03, DRB1*04, DQB1*06, DRB1*13, DQB1*05, DRB1*01. Conclusions: characterization of patients with chronic kidney insufficiency in respect to HLA typing will allow future strategies related to kidney donation and transplantation in the whole country(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HLA Antigens/immunology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics , Cuba , Histocompatibility Testing/methods , Kidney Transplantation/methods
6.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(1): 153-156, Jan-Mar/2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745865

ABSTRACT

The setting for the occurrence of an immune response is that of the need to cope with a vast array of different antigens from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic sources. When the first barriers against infection and innate defense fail, adaptive immune response enters the stage for recognition of the antigens by means of extremely variable molecules, namely immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. The latter recognize the antigen exposed on cell surfaces, in the form of peptides presented by the HLA molecule. The first part of this review details the central role played by these molecules, establishing the close connection existing between their structure and their antigen presenting function.


O cenário no qual ocorre a resposta imune é o da necessidade de fazer frente a uma vasta gama de antígenos diferentes, de fontes patogênicas e não patogênicas. Quando as primeiras barreiras contra infecção e a defesa inata falham, a resposta imune adaptativa entra em campo, para efetuar o reconhecimento dos antígenos, utilizando, para esse fim, moléculas extremamente variáveis, que são as imunoglobulinas e os receptores de células-T. Estes últimos reconhecem o antígeno, exposto na superfície das células como peptídeo apresentado pelas moléculas HLA. A primeira parte desta revisão detalha o papel central dessas moléculas, estabelecendo a conexão que existe entre a estrutura e a função de apresentação de antígenos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigen Presentation/immunology , HLA Antigens/immunology , Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology , Alleles , Antigen Presentation/genetics , HLA Antigens/genetics , Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics
7.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(1): 157-162, Jan-Mar/2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745874

ABSTRACT

The second part of this review deals with the molecules and processes involved in the processing and presentation of the antigenic fragments to the T-cell receptor. Though the nature of the antigens presented varies, the most significant class of antigens is proteins, processed within the cell to be then recognized in the form of peptides, a mechanism that confers an extraordinary degree of precision to this mode of immune response. The efficiency and accuracy of this system is also the result of the myriad of mechanisms involved in the processing of proteins and production of peptides, in addition to the capture and recycling of alternative sources aiming to generate further diversity in the presentation to T-cells.


A segunda parte desta revisão trata das moléculas e processos envolvidos no processamento e apresentação dos fragmentos antigênicos ao receptor de célula-T. Apesar de variar a natureza do antígeno apresentado, a classe mais significativa é a das proteínas, as quais são processadas dentro da célula para enfim serem reconhecidas na forma de peptídeos, o que confere um grau extraordinário de precisão a essa forma de resposta imune. A eficiência e a precisão desse sistema se devem também à miríade de mecanismos envolvidos no processamento de proteínas e produção de peptídeos, além da captura e reciclagem de fontes alternativas de antígenos com o objetivo de gerar ainda maior diversidade na apresentação à célula-T.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigen Presentation/immunology , Cell-Penetrating Peptides/metabolism , HLA Antigens/metabolism , Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology , Cell-Penetrating Peptides/immunology , HLA Antigens/immunology
8.
Annals of Laboratory Medicine ; : 314-320, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-36808

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is responsible for cardiovascular effects mediated by angiotensin II. This study aimed to investigate the impact of antibodies directed against AT1R (anti-AT1R) in renal allograft rejection. METHODS: We evaluated 53 patients who had biopsy-proven rejection including antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) (N=22), T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (N=29), and mixed AMR and TCMR (N=2). Donor specific HLA antibodies (DSA) and anti-AT1Rs were simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Anti-AT1Rs were detected in 9.4% (5/53) of rejection patients (one with acute AMR, two with chronic active AMR, one with acute TCMR, and one with mixed acute AMR & TCMR). HLA antibodies and DSA were detected in 75.5% (40/53) and 49.1% (26/53) of patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in transplant characteristics between anti-AT1R(+) and anti-AT1R(-) patients except for the association of HLA class-I DSA(+) and anti-AT1R(+). Four of five anti-AT1R(+) patients had DSA and were also found to have AMR. A single anti-AT1R(+)/DSA(-) patient developed acute TCMR. Detection rates of DSA, HLA antibodies, or anti-AT1R were not different between AMR and TCMR. However, DSA(+)/anti-AT1R(+) was more frequently found in AMR than in TCMR (P=0.036). Patients with anti-AT1R showed a greater tendency to develop high-grade rejection as Banff IIA/IIB or AMR. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of anti-AT1R was significantly associated with HLA class-I DSA in renal allograft rejection patients. Both anti-AT1R and DSA positivity was associated with AMR in patients with renal allograft rejection.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies/blood , Graft Rejection/etiology , HLA Antigens/immunology , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/immunology , Tissue Donors , Transplantation, Homologous
9.
Annals of Laboratory Medicine ; : 321-328, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-36807

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although single antigen bead assays (SAB) are approved qualitative tests, the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values obtained from SAB are frequently used in combination with quantitative significances for diagnostic purposes. To gauge the reproducibility of SAB results, we assessed the interlaboratory variability of MFI values using identical kits with reagents from the same lot and the manufacturer's protocol. METHODS: Six serum samples containing HLA-specific antibodies were analyzed at five laboratories by using Lifecodes LSA Class I and Class II SAB kits (Immucor, USA) from the same lot, according to the manufacturer's protocol. We analyzed the concordance of qualitative results according to distinct MFI cutoffs (1,000, 3,000, 5,000, and 10,000), and the correlation of quantitative MFI values obtained by the participating laboratories. The CV for MFI values were analyzed and grouped by mean MFI values from the five laboratories ( or =10,000). RESULTS: The categorical results obtained from the five laboratories exhibited concordance rates of 96.0% and 97.2% for detection of HLA class I and class II antibodies, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for MFI values of class I and class II antibodies were between 0.947-0.991 and 0.992-0.997, respectively. The median CVs for the MFI values among five laboratories in the lower MFI range (<1,000) were significantly higher than those for the other MFI ranges (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of SAB performed in five laboratories using identical protocols and reagents from the same lot resulted in high levels of concordance and strong correlation of results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Analysis of Variance , HLA Antigens/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing , Isoantibodies/blood , Laboratories , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Reproducibility of Results
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 74(5): 400-403, oct. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734408

ABSTRACT

En trasplante renal, los anticuerpos donante-específicos por ensayos de fase sólida predicen el rechazo temprano mediado por anticuerpos, incluso con resultados negativos de citometría de flujo o citotoxicidad dependiente del complemento. Aquí se describen los protocolos de inmunosupresión y los resultados a diez meses de cuatro pacientes en los que se detectó anticuerpos donante-específicos anti-antígenos leucocitarios humanos (HLA) por Luminex®, pero no detectados por el método de citotoxicidad dependiente de complemento (CDC) ni por citometría de flujo. Los cuatro pacientes recibieron tratamiento de inducción con 5 dosis de timoglobulina de 1.25 mg/kg y 5 dosis de inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IVIG) de 400 mg/kg. Además, uno recibió 20 mg de basiliximab el mismo día del trasplante y el día 4 postrasplante; otro recibió 3 sesiones de plasmaféresis en los días -5, -3, y -1 y eculizumab en dosis de 1200 mg antes del trasplante, 900 mg el día 1, and 600 mg por semana durante un mes. En todos los casos, la inmunosupresión de mantenimiento consistió en tacrolimus, micofenolato y deltisona. Todos presentaron buenos resultados en el corto plazo. Nuestra experiencia sugiere que los pacientes con anticuerpos donante-específicos anti-HLA detectados solo por Luminex® deben recibir un seguimiento estricto y que en esta población se pueden obtener buenos resultados a partir del uso de terapia de inducción con timoglobulina e IVIG.


In renal transplantation, donor specific antibodies (DSAs) detected by sensitive solid-phase assay foresee early antibody-mediated rejections, even with negative complement-dependent cytotoxicity or flow cytometry results. We describe the immunosuppression protocols and outcomes at 10 months of four renal transplant patients in whom anti-HLA DSAs were detected by Luminex® but not by CDC and flow cytometry. The four patients underwent induction treatment with five doses of thymoglobulin at 1.25 mg/kg and 5 doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at 400 mg/kg. In addition, one patient received 20 mg basiliximab on the day of transplant and on post-operative day 4; another patient underwent three sessions of plasmapheresis on days -5, -3, and -1 and also received 1200 mg eculizumab prior to transplant, 900 mg on day 1, and 600 mg each week during one month. In all of them, the maintenance immunosuppressive regimen consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate acid and deltisone. All patients had good short-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that patients with anti-HLA DSAs detected only by Luminex® should be monitored closely and can be treated successfully with induction therapy based on thymoglobulin and IVIG.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies/immunology , Graft Rejection/immunology , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , HLA Antigens/immunology , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Kidney Transplantation , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage , Tissue Donors , Treatment Outcome
11.
Clinics ; 69(supl.1): 17-21, 1/2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699020

ABSTRACT

The sensitization of patients to human leukocyte antigens prior to heart transplantation is increasingly being recognized as an important challenge both before and after the transplant, and the effects of sensitization on clinical outcomes are just beginning to be understood. Many patients are listed with the requirement of a negative prospective or virtual crossmatch prior to accepting a donor organ. This strategy has been associated with both longer waitlist times and higher waitlist mortality. An alternative approach is to transplant across a potentially positive crossmatch while utilizing strategies to decrease the significance of the human leukocyte antigen antibodies. This review will examine the challenges and the impact of sensitization on pediatric patients prior to and following heart transplantation.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Antibodies/immunology , Heart Transplantation , HLA Antigens/immunology , Graft Rejection/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing/methods , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care , Treatment Outcome , Transplantation Immunology/immunology , Waiting Lists
12.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XVIII, 87 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-940876

ABSTRACT

A Duffy binding protein do Plasmodium vivax (PvDBP) é uma proteína essencial para o processo de invasão do Plasmodium vivax em eritrócitos humanos Duffy/DARC positivos, sendo consequentemente uma forte candidata à vacina antimalárica. Apesar disso, estudos desenvolvidos pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa mostraram que a maioria dos indivíduos expostos à malária na Amazônia brasileira não desenvolvem anticorpos anti-PvDBP. Isto pode estar relacionado tanto a características do parasito quanto do hospedeiro vertebrado. Entre as características do parasito estão a baixa imunogenicidade da PvDBP ao sistema imune e o alto polimorfismo na região do ligante (região II). Entretanto, estas características do parasito não explicam o fato de que a maioria dos indivíduos expostos a diferentes variantes do parasito,por um longo período de tempo, não desenvolvem anticorpos bloqueadores da interação ligante-receptor.Diante disso, faz-se necessário avaliar características do hospedeiro vertebrado que poderiam influenciar nessa baixa resposta de anticorpos. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de polimorfismos do receptor DARC e do HLA classe II (antígeno leucocitário humano) na resposta imune anti-PvDBP. O estudo foi do tipo coorte aberta de base populacional realizado em área de assentamento agrícola da Amazônia brasileira onde os indivíduos foram acompanhados por cerca de 12 meses. A abordagem metodológica envolveu: (i) genotipar o receptor Duffy/DARC (Real time PCR) e o HLA de classe II (locis HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 e HLA-DQA1, por PCR-SSO) na população estudada (n=620); (ii)realizar ensaios sorológicos, convencionais (ELISA) e funcionais (bloqueio da interação DBPII-DARC) no plasma dos indivíduos estudados.


Os resultados mostram que, na área estudada, o genótipo de DARC mais frequente foi FY*A/FY*B, o que foi consistente com o que tem sido descrito para as populações residentes na Amazônia brasileira. Em relação à resposta de anticorpos, nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada entre os genótipos de DARC e as respostas de anticorpos IgG no ELISA (região II ou regiões II-IV da PVDBP). Contudo, a resposta de anticorpos que inibem a interação ligante (DBPII) -receptor (DARC) foi significativamente mais frequente em indivíduos heterozigotos carreadores de um alelo DARC positivo (genótipos FY*A/FY*BES e FY*B/FY*BES). Em geral, a distribuição de frequência dosalelos de HLA classe II na população estudada corrobora com as frequências já descritas em estudos anteriores realizados no Brasil e na América Latina. De interesse, o estudo permitiu identificar 11 alelos de HLA classe II associados positivamente com a resposta de anticorpos anti-PvDBP detectados no ELISA,com destaque para os alelos DQA1*01:03 e HLA-DRB1*02:02. Por outro lado, o estudo permitiu identificar 4 alelos associados negativamente com a resposta de anticorpos. Além disso, quatro alelos - HLADQA1*02:01,HLA-DRB1*07:01, HLA-DQB1*02:02 e HLA-DQA1*02:01 - parecem influenciar positivamente na resposta de anticorpos inibitórios da interação DBPII-DARC, enquanto que o alelo HLA-DRB1*16:02 influenciou negativamente nesta resposta. Estes achados são de grande importância, pois, em áreas hiperendêmicas de malária, a resposta de anticorpos inibitórios tem sido associada com proteção clínica.Em conjunto, os resultados do presente estudo permitiram demonstrar, pela primeira vez, que polimorfismos do receptor DARC e do HLA classe II podem influenciar na resposta imune protetora contra a PvDBP.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Duffy Blood-Group System/analysis , HLA Antigens/immunology , Malaria, Vivax/immunology , Plasmodium vivax/parasitology
13.
IJI-Iranian Journal of Immunology. 2014; 11 (1): 13-20
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-157626

ABSTRACT

Miscarriage is a common phenomenon complicating more than half of pregnancies. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss [RPL] is defined as three or more pregnancies lost before the twentieth week of gestation. It is believed that abnormality in maternal immune reaction to fetus and sharing of HLA antigens might be associated with RPL. To investigate the effect of HLA-DRB1 sharing between the couples with recurrent pregnancy loss on the pregnancy outcome after leukocyte therapy. Sixty primary RPL women who were immunized and followed after therapy [30 successful and 30 unsuccessful] and their husbands formed the cases of this study. In addition, one hundred healthy women were considered as the controls. HLA-DRB1 genotypes of all the cases and controls were checked by PCR-SSP method. HLA typing indicated that the prevalence of HLA-DRB1 sharing [defined as at least one allele sharing] between the couples with unsuccessful outcomes was significantly higher compared to those with successful outcomes [63.3% vs. 23.3%, p<0.004]. Moreover, HLA DRB1*07:01 allelic group was significantly more frequent in the patients with unsuccessful outcome compared to the controls [18.3% vs. 8%, p<0.04]. Our results confirmed the role of HLA sharing in RPL and revealed that HLA-DRB1 typing may be a valuable prognostic factor for the leukocyte therapy outcome


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , HLA Antigens/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing , Pregnancy Outcome , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Family Characteristics , Alleles , Genotype
14.
Recife; s.n; 2014. 84 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720604

ABSTRACT

Fatores genéticos e imunológicos foram associados à patogenese da doença inflamatória intestinal (DII), ela inclui Retocolite Ulcerativa Idiopática (RCUI) e doença de Crohn (CD). A hiperresponsividade de celulas B e a autoreatividade de células T contribuem para a polarização da resposta imune Th1 em CD e Th2 em RCUI. Sítios polimórficos na região 3'não traduzida do gene HLA-G (completa) e região promotora dos genes IL-10 ( - 1082A/G e - 819C/T) e TNF (completa) foram associados a susceptibilidade a diversas doenças. Estudamos 217 portadores de DII e 249 doadores saudáveis, pareados por sexo e idade. A ascendência africana foi maior em RCUI e caucasiana em DC (p =0,005). Comparados aos controles, o genótipo HLA - G 14bpINS - INS (associado com baixa expressão de HLA - G) (p =0,006) e IL - 10 - 1082G - G (associado com alta expressão de IL - 10) (p =0,030) foram menos frequentes em pacientes com DC, possivelmente contribuindo para a polarização Th1, mas não foram encontradas diferenças nas frequências de TNF. Em RCUI, as frequências do alelo HLA-G +3003C (p =0,015) e genótipo +3003C-T (p =0,003) estavam aumentadas. Apesar da alta frequência do alelo T em africanos, após estratifica rmos por ascendência, o genótipo +3003C - T ainda estava mais frequente em pacientes com ascendência africana (p =0,012)...


Genetic and immunological factors have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).B cell hyperresponsiveness and T cell auto-reactivity have contributedto a Th1 polarization immune response in CD and a Th2 polarization in UC. Sincepolymorphic sites at the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR)...


Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics , Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology , Crohn Disease/genetics , Crohn Disease/immunology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology , HLA Antigens/genetics , HLA Antigens/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , /genetics , /immunology
15.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XVIII, 87 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-760539

ABSTRACT

A Duffy binding protein do Plasmodium vivax (PvDBP) é uma proteína essencial para o processo de invasão do Plasmodium vivax em eritrócitos humanos Duffy/DARC positivos, sendo consequentemente uma forte candidata à vacina antimalárica. Apesar disso, estudos desenvolvidos pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa mostraram que a maioria dos indivíduos expostos à malária na Amazônia brasileira não desenvolvem anticorpos anti-PvDBP. Isto pode estar relacionado tanto a características do parasito quanto do hospedeiro vertebrado. Entre as características do parasito estão a baixa imunogenicidade da PvDBP ao sistema imune e o alto polimorfismo na região do ligante (região II). Entretanto, estas características do parasito não explicam o fato de que a maioria dos indivíduos expostos a diferentes variantes do parasito,por um longo período de tempo, não desenvolvem anticorpos bloqueadores da interação ligante-receptor.Diante disso, faz-se necessário avaliar características do hospedeiro vertebrado que poderiam influenciar nessa baixa resposta de anticorpos. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de polimorfismos do receptor DARC e do HLA classe II (antígeno leucocitário humano) na resposta imune anti-PvDBP. O estudo foi do tipo coorte aberta de base populacional realizado em área de assentamento agrícola da Amazônia brasileira onde os indivíduos foram acompanhados por cerca de 12 meses. A abordagem metodológica envolveu: (i) genotipar o receptor Duffy/DARC (Real time PCR) e o HLA de classe II (locis HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 e HLA-DQA1, por PCR-SSO) na população estudada (n=620); (ii)realizar ensaios sorológicos, convencionais (ELISA) e funcionais (bloqueio da interação DBPII-DARC) no plasma dos indivíduos estudados...


Os resultados mostram que, na área estudada, o genótipo de DARC mais frequente foi FY*A/FY*B, o que foi consistente com o que tem sido descrito para as populações residentes na Amazônia brasileira. Em relação à resposta de anticorpos, nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada entre os genótipos de DARC e as respostas de anticorpos IgG no ELISA (região II ou regiões II-IV da PVDBP). Contudo, a resposta de anticorpos que inibem a interação ligante (DBPII) -receptor (DARC) foi significativamente mais frequente em indivíduos heterozigotos carreadores de um alelo DARC positivo (genótipos FY*A/FY*BES e FY*B/FY*BES). Em geral, a distribuição de frequência dosalelos de HLA classe II na população estudada corrobora com as frequências já descritas em estudos anteriores realizados no Brasil e na América Latina. De interesse, o estudo permitiu identificar 11 alelos de HLA classe II associados positivamente com a resposta de anticorpos anti-PvDBP detectados no ELISA,com destaque para os alelos DQA1*01:03 e HLA-DRB1*02:02. Por outro lado, o estudo permitiu identificar 4 alelos associados negativamente com a resposta de anticorpos. Além disso, quatro alelos - HLADQA1*02:01,HLA-DRB1*07:01, HLA-DQB1*02:02 e HLA-DQA1*02:01 - parecem influenciar positivamente na resposta de anticorpos inibitórios da interação DBPII-DARC, enquanto que o alelo HLA-DRB1*16:02 influenciou negativamente nesta resposta. Estes achados são de grande importância, pois, em áreas hiperendêmicas de malária, a resposta de anticorpos inibitórios tem sido associada com proteção clínica.Em conjunto, os resultados do presente estudo permitiram demonstrar, pela primeira vez, que polimorfismos do receptor DARC e do HLA classe II podem influenciar na resposta imune protetora contra a PvDBP...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HLA Antigens/immunology , Malaria, Vivax/immunology , Plasmodium vivax/parasitology , Duffy Blood-Group System/analysis
16.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 648-651, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-193463

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the effect of bortezomib in the desensitization and treatment of acute antibody mediated rejection (AAMR) in kidney transplantation. Nine patients who received bortezomib therapy for desensitization (DSZ group, n = 3) or treatment of AAMR (AAMR group, n = 6) were included in this study. In the DSZ group, 2 patients required DSZ owing to positive cross match and 1 owing to ABO mismatch with high baseline anti-ABO antibody titer (1:1,024). Bortezomib was used at 1, 3, 8, and 11 days from the start of the treatment. In the AAMR group, 3 patients showed full recovery of allograft function after bortezomib use and decrease in donor specific anti-HLA antibody (HLA-DSA). However, 3 patients did not respond to bortezomib and experienced allograft failure. In the DSZ group, negative conversion of T-CDC (complement-dependent cytotoxicity) was achieved, and HLA-DSA was decreased to lower than a weak level (median fluorescence intensity [MFI] < 5,000) in 2 patients. In the case of ABO mismatch kidney transplantation, the anti-A/B antibody titer decreased to below the target (< or = 1:16) after bortezomib therapy. Therefore, bortezomib could be an alternative therapeutic option for desensitization and treatment of AAMR that is unresponsive to conventional therapies.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Boronic Acids/therapeutic use , Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , Graft Rejection/drug therapy , HLA Antigens/immunology , Kidney/surgery , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Pyrazines/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
17.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(9): 748-752, Dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696923

ABSTRACT

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals for more than six weeks, has been associated with autoimmune diseases. Herein, we report the unusual association of CSU, Graves' disease, and premature ovarian failure. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) studies were performed. A 36-year-old woman presented symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism for three months. In the same period, the patient complained of widespread urticarial wheals, intensely itchy, and poorly responsive to therapy with antihistaminic agents. Hyperthyroidism was confirmed biochemically, and treatment with methimazole was started. As hyperthyroidism improved, a marked improvement in her urticaria was also observed. However, the patient continued to complain of amenorrhea. Endocrine evaluation, at the age 38, was consistent with premature ovarian failure. This is the first report of coexistence of GD, CSU, and POF. The genetic background of such unusual association is a specific combination of HLA.


A urticária crônica idiopática, caracterizada pelo aparecimento de pápulas espontâneas e persistentes por pelo menos seis semanas, tem sido associada a doenças autoimunes. Apresentamos aqui o caso da associação incomum entre urticária crônica idiopática, doença de Graves e falência ovariana prematura. Foram conduzidos estudos de tipagem HLA. Uma mulher de 36 anos apresentou sinais e sintomas de hipertireoidismo por três meses. No mesmo período, a paciente queixou-se do aparecimento de pápulas urticariformes generalizadas que coçavam intensamente e não eram responsivas ao tratamento com anti-histamínicos. O hipertireoidismo foi confirmado bioquimicamente, e o tratamento com metimazol foi iniciado. Assim que os valores hormonais se normalizaram, observou-se uma melhoria significativa do quadro de urticária. No entanto, a paciente continuou a apresentar amenorreia. A avaliação endocrinológica, com a idade de 38 anos, mostrou falência ovariana prematura. Este é o primeiro caso de associação entre doença de Graves, urticária idiopática crônica e falência ovariana prematura. A base genética dessa associação incomum é representada por combinações específicas de haplótipos HLA.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Graves Disease/complications , HLA Antigens/immunology , Haplotypes/immunology , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/complications , Urticaria/complications , Chronic Disease , Graves Disease/immunology , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/immunology , Time Factors , Urticaria/immunology
18.
Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics [The]. 2013; 14 (1): 1-11
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-150716

ABSTRACT

Exposure to the dengue virus CDENV [evokes a variety of genetically controlled immunological vesporses. Geneti c variants involued in viral enry, replication and innate immunity path wasys play an important role in the causal pathway of dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shoch syndrome DHF/DSS]. Here we have reviewed implications of some genetic polymorphisms of the pathways related to DENV infection susceptibility, protection and severity. Large case-control studies examining a variety of single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in a variety of genes have been performed in DENY patients in some countries. SNP gene candidates that have shown associations with DENV infection are mannose-binding lectin [MBL], interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4], cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 [CTLA-4], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta1, Fc gamma receptor II [FcgammaRII], vitamin D receptor [VDR], interferon [IFN]-gamma, human platelet antigens [HPA], transporters associated with antigen processing [TAP], dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin [DC-SIGN] and Janus kinase 1 [JAK1], although some of these genes failed to show statistical significance. Briefly, polymorphism in TNF-alpha, Fc gamma RII, CTLA-4, TGF-beta1, HPA, DC-SIGN, TAP and JAK1 genes has been associated with DHF/DSS development. Polymorphism in MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with thrombocytopenia and increased risk of DHF development. In contrary, polymorphism in VDR gene shows moderate associations with resistance to the most severe form of DHF. However, neutral associations have been reported for IL-4 promoters, IL-1RA, IFN-gamma, IL-6, TLR4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism. In conclusion, there are strong evidences from several epidemiological studies indicating host genetic factors as important components in DENV infection susceptibility, protection and severity


Subject(s)
Polymorphism, Genetic , HLA Antigens/immunology
20.
Clinics ; 67(4): 355-361, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-623115

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The significance of pretransplant, donor-specific antibodies on long-term patient outcomes is a subject of debate. This study evaluated the impact and the presence or absence of donor-specific antibodies after kidney transplantation on short- and long-term graft outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed the frequency and dynamics of pretransplant donor-specific antibodies following renal transplantation from a randomized trial that was conducted from 2002 to 2004 and correlated these findings with patient outcomes through 2009. Transplants were performed against a complement-dependent T- and B-negative crossmatch. Pre- and posttransplant sera were available from 94 of the 118 patients (80%). Antibodies were detected using a solid-phase (LuminexH), single-bead assay, and all tests were performed simultaneously. RESULTS: Sixteen patients exhibited pretransplant donor-specific antibodies, but only 3 of these patients (19%) developed antibody-mediated rejection and 2 of them experienced early graft losses. Excluding these 2 losses, 6 of 14 patients exhibited donor-specific antibodies at the final follow-up exam, whereas 8 of these patients (57%) exhibited complete clearance of the donor-specific antibodies. Five other patients developed ''de novo'' posttransplant donor-specific antibodies. Death-censored graft survival was similar in patients with pretransplant donor-specific and non-donor-specific antibodies after a mean follow-up period of 70 months. CONCLUSION: Pretransplant donor-specific antibodies with a negative complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch are associated with a risk for the development of antibody-mediated rejection, although survival rates are similar when patients transpose the first months after receiving the graft. Our data also suggest that early posttransplant donor-specific antibody monitoring should increase knowledge of antibody dynamics and their impact on long-term graft outcome.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies/immunology , Blood Grouping and Crossmatching , Graft Rejection/immunology , Graft Survival/immunology , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Tissue Donors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , HLA Antigens/immunology , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Tacrolimus/therapeutic use
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